Julian Assange Fast Facts

Personal:
Birth date: July 3, 1971

Birth place: Townsville, Queensland, Australia

Father: John Shipton

Mother: Christine (Hawkins) Assange

Other Facts:
When he was a year old, his mother married Brett Assange, who adopted him.

Guest-starred as himself on the 500th episode of The Simpsons, in 2012. He recorded his lines over the phone from the Ecuadorian Embassy in London, where he has been granted asylum.

Timeline:
2006 - WikiLeaks is founded by Assange.

2007 - WikiLeaks posts the procedures manual for Camp Delta, the US detention center in Guantánamo Bay.

September 2008 - WikiLeaks posts emails from vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin's Yahoo account.

April 5, 2010 - WikiLeaks posts a video showing a US military helicopter firing on and killing two journalists and several Iraqi civilians in 2007. The military claims that the helicopter crew believed the targets were armed insurgents, not civilians.

July 25, 2010 - WikiLeaks posts more than 90,000 classified documents related to the Afghanistan war.

August 20, 2010 - Swedish prosecutors issue an arrest warrant for Assange based on allegations of sexual assault from two female WikiLeaks volunteers.

August 21, 2010 - The Swedish prosecutor's office announces it is rescinding the arrest warrant.

August 31, 2010 - Assange is questioned by Stockholm police and told of the charges against him.

October 22, 2010 - WikiLeaks publishes classified military documents from the Iraq war.

November 20, 2010 - The Stockholm Criminal Court issues an arrest warrant for Assange.

November 28, 2010 - WikiLeaks begins publishing diplomatic cables from US embassies. The site says the documents will be released in stages "over the next few months."

December 7, 2010 - Turns himself in to London authorities. Assange is remanded in custody.

December 16, 2010 - Is released on bail and put on house arrest.

February 24, 2011 - A judge rules in support of Assange's extradition to Sweden. Assange's lawyers file an appeal.

April 24, 2011 - WikiLeaks begins releasing classified military documents providing details on the behavior and treatment of detainees being held at the US Navy's detention facility at Guantánamo Bay.

September 2, 2011 - WikiLeaks releases its archive of more than a quarter million US diplomatic cables.

November 2, 2011 - Appeals court judges in London rule in favor of Assange being extradited to Sweden.

November 15, 2011 - The UK Judicial Office announces Assange has applied to take his appeal against extradition to Sweden to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.

May 30, 2012 - The British Supreme Court denies Assange's appeal against extradition to Sweden but grants him two weeks to file an appeal. This is unusual, because rulings are supposed to be final.

June 19, 2012 - Assange enters the Ecuadorian Embassy in London, requesting political asylum.

August 16, 2012 - Ecuador announces it has granted asylum to Assange.

August 19, 2012 - Makes a public address from the balcony of the Ecuadorian Embassy in London, demanding that the United States drop its "witch-hunt" against WikiLeaks.

September 26, 2012 - Delivers a speech via satellite to a full conference room at the United Nations, asking the US government to end its actions against him and his website. The event was held by the Mission of Ecuador on UN grounds, but was not officially sponsored by the world body.

November 2012 - Assange's book, "Cypherpunks: Freedom and the Future of the Internet," is published.

February 10, 2015 - Metropolitan Police Commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe tells LBC Radio the operation guarding Assange at the Ecuadorian Embassy in London is "sucking our resources in" as costs spiral to more than 10 million pounds ($15.3 million).

May 11, 2015 - The Swedish Supreme Court denies Assange's latest appeal to dismiss an arrest warrant for allegations of sexual assault.

July 3, 2015 - France rejects Assange's request for "protection" after he publishes an open letter in national newspaper Le Monde.

August 13, 2015 - Swedish prosecutors announce they are dropping allegations involving sexual molestation and coercion as statutes of limitations in the investigation run out this month. However, the allegation of suspicion of rape still stands, and he may be investigated until 2020, Swedish prosecutors have said.

February 5, 2016 - A UN rights working group says its investigation found that Assange is being arbitrarily detained by the governments of Sweden and the United Kingdom.

May 25, 2016 - A Swedish court upholds the arrest warrant for Assange, with a Swedish prosecutor saying there's still probable cause to prosecute him on a rape allegation and that "the risk of him evading justice is still large."

July 22, 2016 - WikiLeaks releases nearly 20,000 emails from Democratic National Committee staffers. The leaked emails appear to show the committee favoring presumptive Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton over Bernie Sanders during the US presidential primary. On July 29, Assange tells CNN's Anderson Cooper that the email release was timed to coincide with the start of the Democratic National Convention.

September 15, 2016 - WikiLeaks announces via Twitter that "If Obama grants Manning clemency, Assange will agree to US prison in exchange, despite its clear unlawfulness," referring to Chelsea Manning, the imprisoned former Army intelligence analyst convicted of violating the Espionage Act.

September 16, 2016 - A Swedish appeals court states again that the arrest warrant for Assange on allegations of rape still stands. This is the eighth time the European arrest warrant has been tested in a Swedish court. All eight judgments have gone against Assange.

November 14, 2016 - WikiLeaks tweets that Assange is giving a statement in the presence of a Swedish prosecutor regarding allegations he sexually assaulted two women in the country six years ago.

January 3, 2017 - During an interview with Sean Hannity of Fox News, Assange says that the Russian government was not the source of the hacked DNC emails. He also denies talking to Russian President Vladimir Putin and says he did not have contact with the campaign for US President-elect Donald Trump.

April 20, 2017 - US Attorney General Jeff Sessions announces that the Department of Justice is preparing charges for Assange, and that his arrest is a "priority."

May 19, 2017 - Swedish prosecutors drop their investigation of rape allegations against Assange, ending a nearly seven-year legal impasse.

December 12, 2017 - Becomes a naturalized citizen of Ecuador.

March 27, 2018 - Assange's internet communications outside of the Ecuadorian Embassy in London are suspended for at least the second time since October 2016. The government accuses him of failing to commit to an agreement not to release messages interfering with other nations' affairs.

October 19, 2018 - Assange directs his legal team to launch proceedings against the government of Ecuador for "violating his fundamental rights." In a statement, WikiLeaks said Ecuador had "threatened to remove his protection and summarily cut off his access to the outside world." The accusations against Ecuador come after a memo was leaked that revealed a new set of house rules Assange must adhere to in London from December 1. The memo, which was written in Spanish and first published by Ecuadorean website Codigo Vidrio, specifies that Assange must pay for his own expenses like food, medical and laundry, that visitors must have prior authorization, and that he must not only keep the spaces inside the embassy clean, but also take care of his cat. It also reiterates the position that he is not allowed to interfere in any other country's political matters.

October 29, 2018 - Assange's lawsuit against Ecuador for violating his fundamental rights, is rejected by an Ecuadorean court. During a video-linked hearing, Judge Karla Martinez alerts Assange he will have to abide by the new rules imposed by Ecuador's embassy in London.

November 2018 - An inadvertent court filing in a case unrelated to Assange reveals that the WikiLeaks founder has been charged in secret. "Another procedure short of sealing will not adequately protect the needs of law enforcement at this time because, due to the sophistication of the defendant and the publicity surrounding the case, no other procedure is likely to keep confidential the fact that Assange has been charged," prosecutors wrote in the August 22 filing that was unsealed on November 8. The US Justice Department investigation of Assange and WikiLeaks dates to at least 2010.

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Condoleezza Rice Fast Facts

Personal:
Birth date: November 14, 1954

Birth place: Birmingham, Alabama

Birth name: Condoleezza Rice

Father: John Wesley Rice Jr., minister and dean

Mother: Angelena (Ray) Rice, a high school teacher

Education: University of Denver, B. A., 1974; University of Notre Dame, Master's degree, 1975; University of Denver, Ph.D., 1981

Other Facts:
Name is from the Italian "con dolcezza" meaning "with sweetness."

She enrolled in the University of Denver at the age of 15, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa with a B.A. at the age of 19.

At the University of Denver, she studied under Josef Korbel, the father of Madeleine Albright.

Has served on the boards of Chevron, Charles Schwab, the University of Notre Dame, and the Rand Corporation, among others.

She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

As a professor at Stanford, she won the 1984 Walter J. Gores Award for Excellence in Teaching and the 1993 School of Humanities and Sciences Dean's Award for Distinguished Teaching.

Timeline:
1981 - Appointed to the faculty of Stanford University as a professor of political science.

1986 - Serves as Special Assistant to the Director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, while also an international affairs fellow of the Council on Foreign Relations.

1989 - Appointed Special Assistant to President George H. W. Bush for National Security Affairs.

March 1991 - Resigns as Senior Director of Soviet and East European Affairs in the National Security Council, and as Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs.

1993 - Becomes the the first woman and the first African-American to become provost of Stanford University. She was also the youngest person ever appointed provost.

June 1999 - Resigns as Provost of Stanford University, but remains a faculty member.

December 17, 2000-2005 - National Security Adviser to President George W. Bush. She is the first woman to hold this post.

October 5, 2003 - The White Houses announces the formation of the Iraqi Stabilization Group, headed by Rice. The group will consist of four coordinating committees: counter-terrorism, economic development, political affairs, and media relations. The committees will be headed by four of Rice's deputies and will include representatives from the CIA and the under secretaries from the State, Defense and Treasury Departments.

April 8, 2004 - Rice testifies in public, under oath before the 9-11 Commission after weeks of requests for her to do so. She has previously met with the Commission in private.

November 16, 2004 - President Bush announces his nomination of Rice as secretary of state.

November 20, 2004 - Rice is released from Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, DC., after undergoing a uterine fibroid embolization the day before.

2004-2007 - Time Magazine names Rice as one of the World's Most Influential People.

January 26, 2005 - Confirmed as US secretary of state by a vote of 85 to 13 in the Senate. She is the first African-American woman to hold this position.

January 28, 2005-January 20, 2009 - Serves as the 66th US Secretary of State.

July 24, 2006 - Arrives in the Middle East to discuss a peace plan between Israel and Lebanon after violence erupts.

August 16, 2008 - Oversees a cease-fire agreement between Russia and Georgia.

September 5, 2008 - Meets with Moammar Gadhafi in Libya, the first visit by a US secretary of state to Libya since 1953.

January 28, 2009 - Stanford University announces that Rice will return "as a political science professor and the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution."

February 2009 - Agrees to a three-book deal with Crown Publishers starting with a memoir about her years in the George W. Bush Administration.

November 2009 - Is a founding partner of the RiceHadley Group (now RiceHadleyGates LLC), an advisory firm, along with former George W. Bush Administration National Security Adviser Stephen Hadley.

July 28, 2010 - Plays the piano during a performance with the "Queen of Soul," Aretha Franklin and the Philadelphia Orchestra for a charity event to raise money for inner city music education.

October 12, 2010 - Rice's memoir, "Extraordinary, Ordinary People," is released. The book details Rice's childhood in segregated Alabama.

November 1, 2011 - Rice's memoir, "No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington," is published.

August 20, 2012 - Along with financier Darla Moore, becomes the first woman admitted as a member to Augusta National Golf Club.

October 16, 2013 - Rice is announced as one of 13 members of the College Football Playoff selection committee.

May 3, 2014 - Rice declines to speak at Rutgers University's May 18th commencement after students and faculty opposed her support of the Iraq war.

May 9, 2017 - Rice's book, "Democracy: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom," is published.

October 11, 2017 - It is announced that Rice has agreed to chair the NCAA's Commission on College Basketball.

May 2018 - Rice and co-author Amy Zegart's book, "Political Risk: How Businesses and Organizations Can Anticipate Global Insecurity," is published.

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Ocasio-Cortez and Graham's immigration debate missed this key lesson

While the question divided two of Washington's most outspoken figures, the deeper problem is that their discussion failed to make clear an entirely different connection between the two historical moments: the role the United States and its immigration policies played in the unfolding tragedy of the late 1930s. By failing to pass legislation that would have allowed more Jewish refugees to settle within its borders, the United States inadvertently sent a message to the rest of the world that Jews were expendable.

This week is a particularly apt time to reflect on the legacy of US immigration policy in the 1930s. Eighty years ago this week, on December 2, 1938, the first group of Jewish refugee children arrived in Great Britain as part of a larger humanitarian effort to save Jewish children from the growing violence of the Nazi regime.

Known as the Kindertransport (children's transport), the initiative allowed Jewish children under the age of 17 from Nazi-occupied Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia to settle in England without their parents or guardians because Winston Churchill convinced Parliament that it had to use immigration policy, and not just foreign and military policy, to stand up to Hitler. Escalating violence against Jews in Nazi-occupied territories, like Kristallnacht weeks before, had made them refugees. Eventually between 9,000 and 10,000 children settled in England through this program.

Americans should study this period because at the same moment that England opened its doors to children under the age of 17, our own government failed abysmally to respond to the Nazi menace -- largely because of the bigotry and xenophobia that shaped visions of Jews and the State Department's immigration and refugee system.

In February 1939, Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Representative Edith Nourse Rogers of Massachusetts sponsored a bill based on Kindertransport program. Wagner and Rogers wanted Congress to temporarily admit 20,000 Jewish children until it was safe for them to return home. As the bill stipulated, their stay would not have cost taxpayers a penny; various Jewish groups had agreed to assume financial responsibility for the children.

But the bill failed to move out of committee, because of racist fears that cast Jews as dangerous to the nation. As Laura Delano Houghteling, wife of the US Commissioner of Immigration and cousin to FDR, allegedly summed it up at a dinner party: "Twenty thousand charming children would all too soon grow up into 20,000 ugly adults."

The current presidential administration's policies seem designed to echo Houghteling's sentiment: placing child migrants in the past months in "tent city" jails, separating them from their parents or tear-gassing child asylum seekers at our border.

As a professor of American Jewish history and Jewish migration, I have thoughts about what Americans should consider as their representatives debate the lessons of the Holocaust. Let's start with thinking about how immigrants are being talked about today. The asylum-seekers at our southern border have been called "invaders" and "terrorists." As reporters embedded in the group have shown, these men, women and children are not terrorists; most of them see themselves as fleeing for their lives.

The continued demonization of this group has not only been in language but in action as well: by sending troops to the border and using tear gas, this administration portrays this as a group to be feared. As the Auschwitz Memorial Musuem aptly tweeted earlier in the week, "It's important to remember that the Holocaust actually did not start with gas chambers...hatred gradually developed from words, stereotypes & prejudice through legal exclusion, dehumanization & escalating violence."

Let's continue with better education. Americans today, as numerous surveys attest, lack basic knowledge of the Holocaust. Nearly half cannot name a single concentration camp. But as the gap in Graham and Ocasio-Cortez's Twitter debate highlights, Holocaust literacy can't be only about what took place in Europe. Americans should read histories and original sources like newspapers and government documents that illustrate how many in the US believed Jews were inferior or suspect in the 1930s -- and how that perception contributed to immigration and refugee policies that kept many Jews trapped in Europe.

Indeed, even after American soldiers saw what had taken place in Buchenwald, Dachau and Auschwitz, the United States still refused to accept most survivors of the concentration camps. Truman penned an executive order in 1945, in response to the opposition he saw in Congress to providing refuge for people who had survived the Holocaust.

The lesson of the 1930s, that Churchill understood so clearly and channeled into the Kindertransport, is that immigration policy is an expression of a nation' values. Governments make choices that impact lives. While the question of immigration reform is complex, America's immigration policy over the last two years has conveyed a lack of regard for the basic human rights of asylum seekers, and a total cruelty towards the special needs of children.

Some policymakers, like Lord Alf Dubs, recognize the deep connection between the lessons of the Holocaust and the shaping of contemporary immigration policy. Dubs, himself brought to the United Kingdom on the Kindertransport, became the author of the "Dubs amendment," passed in May 2016, requiring the UK government to act "as soon as possible" to relocate and support unaccompanied refugee children in Europe. While the implementation of that measure has been far from perfect, Americans can and should take a lesson from Dubs that children of asylum seekers contribute to their new homes and can even become some of their greatest leaders.

Americans, including any members of Congress thinking of engaging in a Twitter debate, should remember England's act of humanitarianism and the 10,000 lives it saved. England acted boldly through both immigration policy and foreign policy as the US government failed to act. England probably did not go far enough; more could have been saved and the children of the Kindertransport who were saved had to endure because of the trauma of family separation for the rest of their lives. But at least England appreciated that children seeking asylum deserved refuge and not to be tear-gassed for seeking shelter across its borders. By failing to make policy that looks more like the Kindertransport and less like "a wall," the United States may be turning away some of its future leaders.

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Records show Whitaker knew of allegations of fraud at Florida scam company

Whitaker advised World Patent Market, the Florida-based company, beginning in 2014 and was often sought out for legal advice by its CEO, who would add Whitaker onto email chains where customers had complained, the documents show. The Federal Trade Commission has called the company "an invention-promotion scam that has bilked thousands of consumers out of millions of dollars" in court filings.

In May, World Patent Marketing agreed to pay a nearly $26 million judgment as part of a settlement agreement in the case. A judge has partially suspended that payment.

According to internal communications released by the Federal Trade Commission on Friday, Whitaker was sent a handful of complaints from consumers who had reached out to him about the company.

"Dear Matthew can you get a message to scoot cooper you are on his advisory board but what you don't know is how many people were scammed by him and how fraudulent they are and how much money they robbed from people," one person wrote to Whitaker in 2016. Whitaker forwarded the email to Scott Cooper, the company's CEO.

Kerri Kupec, a Justice Department spokeswoman, had previously said that Whitaker was "not aware of any fraudulent activity. Any stories suggesting otherwise are false."

In October 2017, the FTC sent a subpoena to Whitaker as part of its probe into World Patent Marketing demanding he turn over records and communications related to his work at the company. Whitaker did not respond by the deadline on the subpoena, the FTC documents show.

In a voicemail message left for an FTC official after he was notified that he had missed the subpoena, Whitaker said that he wasn't aware of the subpoena because it had been sent to his Iowa law firm, and he had since moved to DC where he served as then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions' chief of staff.

"I didn't know that you had served a subpoena. I am now at the Department of Justice here in Washington, D.C., as the chief of staff to the attorney general, so I want to be very helpful," Whitaker said in the voicemail, according to an audio recording of it that was released Friday.

CNN has reached out to the Justice Department for comment.

The FTC briefed congressional staff on their investigation into World Patent Marketing on Capitol Hill Friday, according to a Democratic aide.

Whitaker earned at least $9,375 from the company from October 2014, when he joined the advisory board, to February 2016, documents show.

In 2014, he agreed to appear in an advertisement for the company that Cooper said was going to air on CNN. Cooper offered to pay Whitaker for his role, though it's not clear if the advertisement ever was taped, or if Whitaker was ever paid for it.

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Not just a great female chef. A great chef with three Michelin stars.

San Francisco (CNN) — Dominique Crenn made history yesterday. Awarded three Michelin stars for her eponymous San Francisco restaurant, Atelier Crenn, previously a two-starred Michelin restaurant (since 2012, in fact), Crenn is the first American woman to hold such high honors.

Only 14 female chefs from other countries were awarded two and three stars before her, including Elena Arzak, for her namesake restaurant in San Sebastian, and Clare Smyth from Restaurant Gordon Ramsey in the United Kingdom.

The impressive accolade certainly isn't the first mark of Crenn's success in the culinary world, but it is the biggest and baddest -- at least in these circles. Her wine bar, Bar Crenn, only open since March of this year, was awarded one Michelin star, another notable badge of distinction for the accomplished chef.

And chef she is. Period.

She was also outraged.

In her eyes, that extra word -- female -- was unnecessary and irrelevant. Creating a separate category for women only served females even more so than the male-dominated industry had already done.

"They say this is to give females a voice," explains the French-born, San Francisco-based chef, sitting inside Bar Crenn, which opened in March 2018. "We have a voice. We're already here. We've been here."

Dominique Crenn, the first female chef in the US to be awarded two Michelin stars.

Courtesy Jordan Wise/Crenn Dining Group

The menu at her flagship spot has a strong focus on seafood and vegetables. Through preparations such as sea urchin and geoduck tart or wagyu butter on brioche, Crenn's dishes evoke the memories of her time in Brittany, blending upscale French technique with fresh, California ingredients. It continues to improve each year -- earlier this May, Crenn won her first James Beard award for "Best Chef: West."

"Love and respect for art and poetry drive the dining experience at Dominique Crenn's high-style restaurant," wrote "San Francisco Chronicle" restaurant critic Michael Bauer in a 2017 review.

"The tagline is 'poetic culinaria,' and the menu consists of dramatic verses. You're left wondering what lines like 'Watching the beast rest beneath the leaves' or 'There came a wave of an oceanic delicateness' mean — until the beautifully manicured and whimsically conceived combinations arrive."

By all accounts, the stars in 2012 put her on the map. And in the years since, she has used that recognition for good: to develop a platform upon which she has become one of the food industry's most vocal activists.

Michelin-star chef Dominique Crenn spent some time in Northern Spain visiting the wineries the Basque region is known for.

Whether to spearhead philanthropic efforts, buy ingredients directly from Central American farmers, or create opportunities for -- and become a strong proponent of -- like-minded women in her field, she has taken seriously her role as more than just a chef. And she recognizes that it's not just her talent -- but the acknowledgment of said talent -- that has provided her with those opportunities.

Though her status as "the first" placed her gender at the forefront with the Michelin Guide -- which started doling out stars to restaurants nearly a century ago -- the award felt different to Crenn. Michelin is less a competition, she explains, and more a guide that lets you know what to expect based on the rating.

"The guide doesn't necessarily mean that a three-star is better than a one-star. It's just about how the restaurant is set up," Crenn says, and with Atelier Crenn's rise from two to three stars, it appears that the Michelin Guide has finally recognized the restaurant's set-up as deserving of three stars.

Diners at Atelier Crenn will be presented with a fully developed wine program and expert hospitality in an elegant, thoughtfully designed interior. This is all in addition to the polished, modernist French cuisine offered in a multi-course tasting meal. An experience, not just a meal.

"The Michelin Guide, for me, it's my history," she says.

In an interview with 'The New York Times,' Crenn responded to the news: "It's amazing," she said. "Amazing for my team at Bar Crenn and especially at Atelier Crenn. I'm humbled. We worked so hard for so many years and this is a dream. Today we're celebrating, but tomorrow we go back to work."

This colorful dish made of kampachi, almond butter and nectarines can be found at Petit Crenn.

Courtesy Petit Crenn

Raised just outside of Paris, Crenn spent much of her childhood visiting the coastal region of Brittany, where her parents had grown up in farming families. Both rural and on the water, she describes it as a rustic, magical place, where she gained an appreciation for fresh, local ingredients and good food. And dining out during her young life was common.

"My father's best friend was a food critic, so I went with them to eat everywhere," she recalls. "Going out to restaurants was just part of the culture in France."

She cites those meals, and that region, as chief among her earliest influences, though at the time she had no plans to become a chef.

After studying economics and international business at university, Crenn moved to San Francisco and worked a series of odd jobs -- French tutor, babysitter, marketing -- before falling in with the local restaurant crowd. It wasn't until she worked the line at the infamous Stars Restaurant when she was 26 that Crenn was truly hooked.

"We had to create the dishes," recalls the chef, explaining that it was up to the commis' -- prep cooks, essentially -- to come up with their own menu items with help from the sous chefs. "You got to go back to your own heritage. That was very powerful to be able to create something personal at such a young age."

It informed what she would eventually do at Atelier Crenn, which she opened in 2011 after running kitchens around the world, from New York to Jakarta, Indonesia. A year later, she would get the Michelin stars.

Smoked caviar and monkfish foie gras with a hint of creme fraiche found at Atelier Crenn.

Courtesy Kremi Arabadjieva/Crenn Dining Group

Yet Crenn admits that achieving recognition comes with a responsibility: to use the platform in a positive way to affect change.

"I'm in an industry that has a lot to do with humanity," says Crenn, who describes what she's doing as much about activism as it is about feeding people. "When you have food, you have people, when you have people, you have to think about the planet. Food defines your society, how humanity is going to be."

Crenn believes that she has landed in perhaps the most important industry in the world: one that touches almost every field and issue -- politics, farming, labor, climate change. And, of course, discrimination.

"We're cooking, we're growing, but we have to be talking. We have to be out there and have a voice."

Last year, Crenn was instrumental in creating the Root Project with Michelle Jean and a small group of other chefs to assist farmers in Haiti.

She traveled hours through the mountains to go directly to the farmers, to help plant trees for coffee and cacao. Working in partnership with Pan American Development Foundation, Crenn felt it necessary to see exactly where aid was actually going. Now, she buys that coffee to use in her businesses.

And when the fires broke out in Northern California this past Fall, Crenn -- whose farm in Sonoma was miraculously untouched as flames blazed around it -- was among the first to spearhead relief efforts for her neighbors by coordinating chefs to cook for displaced workers.

But perhaps the best use of her voice goes back to that whole female thing. She works hard to lift up and promote women. There's a huge imbalance, she says, that despite the #metoo movement, is not shifting quickly enough.

In March, she kicked off a dinner series called "Women in Food" at her more casual Petit Crenn in the Hayes Valley neighborhood of San Francisco. Showcasing a dozen female chefs from around the world, it will continue through November. The dinners sold out within two minutes; there were six hundred people on the wait-list.

"See, that tells you people are interested, not because we are women, but because of the voice we are bringing out there."

A voice that is, among other things, necessary and relevant -- no matter the category.

Stacey Lastoe contributed additional reporting to this story.

Amanda Gold is a San Francisco-based food writer and producer, who also consults with food businesses and chefs on content and media strategy.

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What happened this week (in anything but politics)

A whole lot of beer

Breweries across the nation are making one special beer to help Camp Fire survivors.

A disappointing discovery

Well, you should probably stop sharing your love problems with your dog. A new study says dogs aren't really all that smart.

A special officer

Don't get intimidated next time you're pulled over in traffic. You never know, you could walk away with a $300 Target gift card.

A fake brand

Do some research before you spend $300 on $25 shoes. Social media influencers flocked to a new shoe store in LA called "Palessi" and spent hundreds of dollars on shoes. But the store was just a fake brand created by Payless.

A new revelation

If you think you know how old you are, think again. Here's a lines-long equation to help you figure it out.

A welcome reunion

After 30 years since the release of "When Harry Met Sally," Meg Ryan and Billy Crystal will meet again in April to kick off the Turner Classic Movies' annual film festival.

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Could you live on $16,000 a year? Here's why you might have to

Where are the women? Fewest female leaders in G20 photo

That was due in part to German Chancellor Angela Merkel's absence (her plane had mechanical issues getting to Argentina and she did not arrive in time for the photo). But it also spoke to the lower number of female leaders among the industrialized nations that make up the G20, which began holding leaders summits in 2008.

Even had Merkel been there, there would have been only two female country leaders -- Merkel and British Prime Minister Theresa May -- plus the International Monetary Fund chief Christine Lagarde. That would have amounted to the lowest number since 2010. The most leaders present was five, which happened in 2012 and 2013.

Here's a look at which female leaders participated in past G20 photos:

• 2018 -- 2 (British Prime Minister May, IMF managing director Lagarde)
• 2017 -- 4 (German Chancellor Angela Merkel, May, Lagarde, Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg)
• 2016 -- 4 (Merkel, May, Lagarde, South Korea President Park Geun-hye)
• 2015 -- 4 (Merkel, Lagarde, Park, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff)
• 2014 -- 4 (Merkel, Lagarde, Park, Rousseff)
• 2013 -- 5 (Merkel, Lagarde, Park, Rousseff, Argentine President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner)
• 2012 -- 5 (Merkel, Lagarde, Rousseff, Kirchner, Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard)
• 2011 -- 4 (Merkel, Lagarde, Rousseff, Kirchner, Gillard)
• 2010 -- 3 (Merkel, Gillard, Kirchner)
• 2009 -- 2 (Merkel, Kirchner)
• 2008 -- 2 (Merkel, Kirchner)

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Tsunami warning in effect in Alaska after quake

The quake knocked CNN affiliate KTUU off the air. Items fell from shelves at the station, news director Tracy Sabo told CNN's Sara Finch.

Social media images show a chaotic scene, including children taking shelter under desks and fallen items tumbling from shelves in a grocery store. Ceiling tiles were scattered across a floor in another photo.

The US Geological Survey has reported at least four aftershocks following the first quake. The largest, registering 5.8, was located in the city of Anchorage.

Reporters at CNN affiliate KTVA described falling window panes at the station's offices.

"The structure of the roof just collapsed," one of them said. "We can't even get into our studio right now. There were computers flying, cameras toppling over."

The NOAA alert said that "for other US and Canadian Pacific coasts in North America, the level of tsunami danger is being evaluated. Further information will be provided in supplementary messages."

CNN's Shawn Nottingham, Chuck Johnston and Matthew Hilk contributed to this report.

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Americans are spending more money after they retire

The dream retirement: Buy a vineyard

Most people expect to spend less money after they retire. But that might not be the case -- at least not at first.

Spending rose for more than half of taxpayers during the first three years after claiming Social Security, according to a report based on tax data and analyzed by economists at the Investment Company Institute and the IRS.

Those with lower incomes were most likely to be spending more than they were pre-retirement. Middle-income earners spent about the same, and the higher-income earners spent slightly less.

The report didn't measure actual spending, but how much income an individual had left after taxes. It included salary and wages, Social Security benefits, and distributions from retirement accounts and pensions.

"For many individuals, retirement appears to be a multi-year transition rather than an action taken at a discrete point in time," the researchers wrote.

In fact, nearly half of people were still working three years after claiming Social Security.

Related: How do I know how much I'll need in retirement?

But this doesn't mean spending won't slow later in retirement, researchers said.

Of course, your spending could drastically fluctuate from year-to-year, especially if you plan to be retired for 30 years or longer. (Most people followed in this report claimed Social Security at age 62.)

It's tough to save for a moving target, but there is one rule of thumb experts recommend. It suggests people prepare to spend about 70% of your pre-retirement income in retirement.

People expect to spend less because they're no longer saving for retirement and your tax bill is likely to drop. Maybe your transportation costs will fall if you're no longer commuting to work. Or you could have your mortgage paid off.

But on the other hand, you'll have more time to travel and might spend more money on leisure activities -- which could be more likely in the beginning of your retirement.

Calculator: Will you have enough to retire?

The median taxpayer's spendable income at three years after claiming Social Security was 103% of their income from one year before collecting, the report said. It followed individuals from 1999 to 2010.

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Will your expenses stay the same in retirement?

Planning young: a retirement roadmap

One of the trickiest things about saving for retirement is estimating your future living costs. After all, it's hard to predict the extent to which inflation will rear its ugly head and how lifestyle changes will cause your budget to shift.

Interestingly enough, 44% of workers aged 50 and over think their living expenses will stay the same once they leave their careers behind, according to the Nationwide Retirement Institute.

At the same time, 34% expect their living costs to decrease, while 22% expect them to go up. The question is: Who's right?

What will your living costs look like in retirement?

Without a crystal ball, it's impossible to say what your expenses will entail as you age. But it's pretty safe to assume that many of your current bills will remain mostly the same, such as groceries, clothing, utilities, and other such basics that all of us need regardless of whether we're working.

Now keep in mind that the cost of these items is likely to rise over time because that's just how inflation works. But inflation aside, you can probably use the amount you're spending pre-retirement as a benchmark for what you'll spend during your golden years.

You may even come to find that some of your costs go down in retirement, such as transportation. Imagine you no longer need a second vehicle to commute to work and can therefore unload that expense. Between your car payment, insurance, maintenance, and fuel costs, that's some nice savings right there. Unfortunately, transportation might be your only expense that goes down substantially.

Now let's talk about housing, because that one is iffy. Your housing costs might go down in retirement if you pay off your mortgage while you're still working, but property taxes have a tendency to climb over time, and as your home ages, it's bound to require more maintenance and repairs. Therefore, while you might unload your mortgage payment itself, the amount you spend to keep that home standing could wipe out any associated savings. On the other hand, you also have the option to downsize, which would allow you to cut your housing expenses and give you a bit more breathing room.

But while many of your living expenses might dip slightly or stay the same in retirement, two that are likely to rise are none other than healthcare and leisure. It's estimated that the average 65-year-old man today will spend $189,687 on healthcare in retirement. For the typical 65-year-old woman, that total climbs to $214,565.

And since retiring means having more free time on your hands, it stands to reason that you might increase your leisure spending to keep yourself occupied. But don't kid yourself — those museum outings, local plays, and early-bird specials can quickly add up. That's why you're best off assuming your living costs won't drop significantly in retirement and preparing accordingly.

Saving to fund your future

Most seniors need roughly 80% of their previous earnings to live comfortably in retirement, and that tells us that the majority won't see much of a drop in their living costs. After all, financial experts these days are urging workers to set aside 15% to 20% of their earnings for the future, and that's great advice. If we back out that 15% o 20%, an 80% income replacement target fits just right.

Furthermore, 46% of seniors spend more money, not less, on living costs during their first two years of retirement, according to the Employee Benefit Research Institute. For 33% of seniors, that habit continues for six years into retirement.

The punchline, therefore, is that you need to be prepared financially for the costs that lie ahead, keeping in mind that Social Security will only pick up a portion of that tab. The good news, however, is that if you save consistently throughout your career, or make a major catchup effort later on, you can accumulate enough wealth to cover your expenses and avoid the financial stress so many of today's retirees face.

If you have another 35 years of work ahead of you and commit to setting aside $500 a month for the future, you'll end up with roughly $1 million if your investments generate an average annual 7% return during that time (more than doable with stocks).

If you're older, you'll need to go big. Max out a 401(k) at the current annual $24,500 limit between the ages of 50 and 70, however, and you'll be sitting on that same $1 million come retirement.

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Though it's hard to get a handle on what your exact living costs will be in retirement, don't assume they'll magically shrink. Err on the side of caution, and with any luck, you'll wind up with plenty of money to cover whatever bills eventually come your way.

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Earthquake rattles Alaska

An undocumented immigrant who lived for 11 months in a sanctuary church has been deported

"Samuel's family, church community, and supporting neighbors are grieved at Samuel being ripped from his family, church and community," the church said in a statement.

An ICE spokesman did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Developing story - more to come

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Mall shooting suspect won't fight extradition to Alabama

"Yes, ma'am," Erron Martez Dequan Brown told a judge in a court in Atlanta's Fulton County on Friday morning, when asked whether he wanted to waive his extradition hearing.

Brown, 20, was arrested Thursday at a relative's home in Fairburn, Georgia, a week after a shooting at Riverchase Galleria Mall in the Alabama city of Hoover, a suburb of Birmingham.

Brown faces one count of attempted murder in the shooting.

Authorities say they now believe Brown shot 18-year-old Brian Xavier Wilson at the mall before fleeing. Wilson and a 12-year-old girl who was hit by a stray bullet are recovering from their injuries.

Moments after the shooting, a Hoover police officer working security at the mall shot and killed a different man -- Emantic Bradford Jr. And over the past week, Hoover police have changed their story about why Bradford was shot.

First, Hoover police said they believed a 21-year-old suspect -- later identified as Bradford -- shot Wilson during a fight. Then police said Bradford probably didn't pull the trigger, but he did brandish a gun.

Then they said Bradford had a gun in his hand, but didn't say that he was threatening anyone with it.

All this has led to growing accusations of racial profiling -- Bradford was black -- and demands for answers. But the case has been turned over to the Alabama Law Enforcement Agency (ALEA), which said Wednesday that it will "not release information concerning pending criminal investigations."

Bradford's family and their attorney allege the police officer wrongfully shot him, and did so without warning. Bradford had a concealed-weapon permit, they say.

The Hoover officer who was working as security at the mall when he killed Bradford is on administrative leave, pending the outcome of the investigation.

Bradford's funeral will be held on Saturday at 10 a.m. at the Boutwell Auditorium in Birmingham, according to his online obituary. He is scheduled to be buried in Valhalla Cemetery in Birmingham.

The attempted murder charge

Brown's charge of attempted murder relates to Wilson's shooting.

"Additional charges are expected as the investigation progresses," ALEA said.

It's not clear what relation, if any, the suspect has to Wilson or to Bradford.

CNN's Angela Barajas, MaryLynn Ryan, Tina Burnside and Alex Medeiros contributed to this report.

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A group of nurses won the lottery but gave their winnings to two colleagues who needed it more

They've been doing it for for years, with varying degrees of success.

Last month, the staffers at the St. Louis-area hospital won big: $10,000 in the Mega Millions lottery.

But instead of divvying up the winning among the group, they gave it to two colleagues going through some tough times.

The joyous discovery

The lottery pool began as a way to bring some levity.

"We have a very stressful job, so it's just something fun that keeps us going," nurse Gretchen Post told CNN.

As last month's jackpot grew to $1.6 billion dollars, nurse -- and lottery pool organizer -- Stephanie Brinkman stayed up late and watched the results come in. Soon, her phone was lighting up with calls and messages from her colleagues. They had a winning ticket.

"I was so in shock, I couldn't believe it," Brinkman said.

The shocking news

The group's elation soon met a sobering reality.

They learned that Post's 17-year-old son had killed himself just a few hours before the drawing.

The staff chatted on Facebook and came up with a decision:

Give the money to Post for her son's funeral expenses -- and to another nurse, Casey Orellana, whose husband was diagnosed with cancer earlier this year.

Each of the women received $3,600.

The donation

Post says she was grateful for the gesture and immediately told the rest of her family.

"It was a little bit of relief that I would have some money to help with Jack's funeral," she says. "It just came at the right time."

Post says Jack was proud of his mother's career and had thought about going to medical school to become a psychiatrist.

"He was very compassionate and intellectual, so I think he would have done so."

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China isn't playing fair. Trump and Xi can change that during G20

For the better part of a year, the United States and China have been engaged in a tit-for-tat trade war. It's time to stop. The meeting on Saturday between President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping at the G20 Summit in Buenos Ares is the place to make that happen.

To his credit, President Trump is taking important steps to minimize security concerns arising from certain Chinese investment and technology acquisition practices. Now, he must find a way forward that allows American businesses to participate in the world's fastest-growing economy with as much fairness, openness and transparency as possible.

The tariff actions have put pressure on a Chinese economy that was already under some stress. But tariffs have also served as a tax on American consumers and businesses, and reciprocal tariffs from China are hurting American farmers, ranchers and manufacturers. Saturday's meeting is the opportunity for the two presidents to abandon these damaging tariffs in favor of a framework for fair trade and investment.

A truly successful meeting between President Trump and President Xi would result in three outcomes.

1. China would announce near-term moves that would address long-standing areas of concern, such as intellectual property theft and forced technology transfer, or the practice of requiring that foreign companies share their technology to do business in China. For example, China could issue a public statement recognizing that it will take immediate actions to quickly resolve a number of ongoing cases involving IP theft and discrimination affecting US companies. It could also establish permanent solutions that protect US intellectual property against theft, forced transfer and infringement. These actions could stave off January's planned tariff increase.

2. Presidents Trump and Xi should announce that senior officials will immediately open negotiations to develop a comprehensive, enduring commercial agreement. In our view, these negotiations should last less than six months, and the two sides should aim to eliminate all tariffs within that timeframe. China must also commit to expanding market access for American companies.

To advance fair competition in China and around the world, China must also curb overcapacity in industries like steel, solar and wind, eliminate subsidies and remove restrictions on digital trade. These issues limit the competitiveness of US businesses in China while further distorting global markets, and we're long overdue for change.

3. Both nations should commit to working jointly to preserve the rules-based architecture that has powered China's economic rise — from a developing economy to the world's second-largest economy. China will play a key role in the future of global trading. However, China must recognize that the economic model it champions significantly diverges from the transparent, fair, market-oriented global norms that its leaders stated it would adopt upon joining the World Trade Organization in 2001.

The United States is not alone in its view that China isn't playing fair. Our global allies agree that China undermines the fragile, rules-based trading architecture and creates global economic distortions through its commercial policies and practices. China should move to adopt long-promised, market-based reforms and re-commit to the promises it made upon joining the WTO in 2001.

The outcomes we are seeking are tall orders, and we are not naïve in believing that a single meeting at the G20 will solve the complex challenges facing China and the United States. But it's the right time and place to start.

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Polio cases no longer declining; WHO fears global resurgence

This year, WHO has recorded 27 cases of wild poliovirus worldwide compared with 22 total cases last year. Though the small number of cases may appear insignificant, the committee said the trend is noteworthy because it shows stagnation. This is the first increase year-over-year since WHO began its efforts to eradicate the disease worldwide in 1988.

Poliomyelitis, which is transmitted person-to-person through the fecal-oral route or through contaminated food, mainly affects young children. Fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck and pain in the limbs are symptoms of the disease, which also can cause permanent paralysis. There is no cure for polio, and it can be prevented only by vaccine.

The Global Polio Eradication Initiative, a partnership of WHO, UNICEF, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Rotary Club International and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, was initiated 30 years ago. In 1988, polio was endemic in 125 countries and sickened 350,000 children annually, but as a result of the public-private initiative, polio is now endemic in just three nations -- Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan -- while total cases have dropped more than 99%, according to WHO.

On Friday, the WHO emergency committee praised the "continued high level commitment seen in Afghanistan and Pakistan," yet it noted that the number of wild polio cases in Afghanistan has almost doubled in 2018, with 19 cases reported this year, compared with 10 at the same time last year. In Pakistan, the 2018 polio situation is stagnant compared with last year, while in Nigeria, more than two years have passed since the last case of poliovirus was detected, the committee noted.

In 2016, Nigeria reported a case of wild poliovirus after two years with none; WHO committee members did not speculate when the nation, which recorded 27 cases of vaccine-derived polio this year, would be declared free of the disease.

Additionally, outbreaks of various strains of vaccine-derived polio in Somalia, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Niger, Papua New Guinea and Somalia continue to be of "major concern," the committee said, given that these viruses have rarely spread across borders.

Vaccine-derived polio occurs when the weakened vaccine virus in the oral polio vaccine is excreted and then spreads in the community, according to WHO. The solution for stopping this type of polio is the same as for all polio outbreaks, according to WHO: Every child must be immunized several times with the oral vaccine.

Many countries remain vulnerable, according to WHO. "Gaps in population immunity," including in Western nations, would allow the disease to be imported into a nation where polio no longer exists.

If polio eradication around the globe is not accomplished in the next couple of years, a resurgence of the disease is likely -- much like what is occurring now with measles, the WHO emergency committee said. On Thursday, WHO reported that measles cases, which occurred in all world regions, spiked in 2017 and led to an estimated 110,000 deaths.

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Paul Manafort could face more charges, special counsel says

The announcement came at a half-hour court hearing Friday morning, where Manafort's team learned that his sentencing for conspiracy and witness tampering will happen on March 5, 2019.

The hearing came just days after special counsel prosecutors said they believe Manafort lied during his interviews with investigators following his guilty plea in September. The special counsel's office may have to turn over evidence backing up its claim in the coming weeks.

Such a move could give Manafort's legal team, and in theory, President Donald Trump's lawyers if they are still in touch, a new window into some of the information Mueller has collected during the investigation.

Manafort pleaded guilty earlier this year to two charges of conspiracy and witness tampering, while publicly admitting he committed several other financial and lobbying crimes. He separately was found guilty by a jury in Virginia of eight financial fraud charges related to his Ukrainian lobbying proceeds.

Lead prosecutor Andrew Weissmann said the Justice Department is evaluating whether Manafort could still be held liable for crimes he's admitted to but is not currently charged with in federal court.

"I don't know at this time. We will have to evaluate whether it will be fruitful to take action" on those crimes, Weissmann said.

Manafort is currently in jail in Alexandria, Virginia. He did not attend the hearing Friday; two defense attorneys were there on his behalf.

Since his initial indictment last October, Manafort has been a thorn for prosecutors and, at times, for the judge.

While he still claimed his innocence in the case, prosecutors indicted him for attempting to contact potential witnesses to shape their stories. He then went to trial in Virginia federal court, holding off prosecutors from making a deal. After he lost his case at trial, Manafort changed his plea and agreed to cooperate with investigators. But that cooperation now appears to be tainted with the lying accusation -- another unusual turn of events.

Manafort says he believes he was truthful with investigators.

"We have ... had lengthy conversations with the defense to discuss the facts," related to Manafort's alleged lies during his cooperation, Weissmann said. "They're aware the gravemen of what the concerns are."

Both legal teams will hash that out in court soon, with filings beginning to come in next week about the facts of how Manafort's cooperation fell apart.

Despite the dispute over whether Manafort breached his plea deal, the two parties struck a cordial tone in the courtroom.

When things wrapped up, lawyers from both sides wished each other "happy holidays," sometimes shouting across the room, as people started filing out of the chilly courtroom.

Gag order on lawyers

Friday's hearing in Manafort's case could have been filled with fireworks. But instead, it was a hashing out of plans and procedures that set up clashes between the attorneys for the coming months.

Amy Berman Jackson of the US District Court has been a harsh critic so far of Manafort's legal maneuvers. She reprimanded his work ghost-writing an op-ed for a Ukrainian newspaper about himself after his arrest, and she denied every request he made to challenge the legal underpinnings of his indictment and Mueller's approach. She also revoked his house arrest in June, sending him to jail because of the witness tampering accusation.

Jackson has also taken issue more than once with Manafort's lead attorney, Kevin Downing, after he grew impassioned during court proceedings and raised his voice.

She placed a gag order on the case in its early days after Downing spoke to cameras outside the courtroom defending Manafort and President Donald Trump. Jackson has repeatedly warned Manafort's lawyers and Manafort that they should not play politics, especially in the media, as a way to influence the case.

"Other people can talk about the case ... but when those events become orchestrated or entangled, that's where the risk is of crossing the line," Jackson said at a hearing for Manafort and his deputy Rick Gates earlier this year, while they both still sought jury trials.

Downing took another unusual step in recent months -- of communicating with the President's legal team about Manafort's cooperation sessions, according to the President's personal attorney Rudy Giuliani. Trump has said recently a pardon for Manafort is not "off the table," raising questions about whether Trump telegraphed to Manafort to end his cooperation.

Prosecutors simply said earlier this week that Manafort "breached" his agreement by lying "on a variety of subject matters." They said they would give the judge more details at a later date, before his sentencing.

Jackson did note that the March sentencing date could be moved back as well.

If Jackson agrees that he broke his deal, Manafort's likely sentence in the DC case could be between 17 and almost 22 years in prison, according to his plea agreement. Prosecutors said they will decide at a later time whether they believe that sentence range should be reduced or increased. "We're still debating what the consequences will be," Weissmann said.

Manafort will be sentenced separately on February 8 for his convictions in Virginia.

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